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Battle of Hatfield Chase
:''AC = "according to the Annales Cambriae".''
The Battle of Hatfield Chase (; ) was fought on 12 October 633〔Bede gives the date as October 12 in his ''Ecclesiastical History of the English People'' ((book II ), chapter 20), but the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' gives the date as October 14. Bede also gives the year as 633; however, a question about what Bede considered the starting point of the years as he used them has raised the possibility that the battle may have actually taken place in 632.〕 at Hatfield Chase near Doncaster (today part of South Yorkshire, England). It pitted the Northumbrians against an alliance of Gwynedd and Mercia. The Northumbrians were led by Edwin and the Gwynedd-Mercian alliance was led by Cadwallon ap Cadfan and Penda. The site was a marshy area about northeast of Doncaster on the south bank of the River Don. It was a decisive victory for Gwynedd and the Mercians: Edwin was killed and his army defeated, leading to the temporary collapse of Northumbria.
==Background==
Edwin, the most powerful ruler in Britain at the time, had seemingly defeated Cadwallon a few years before the battle. Bede refers to Edwin establishing his rule over what he called the Mevanian islands, one of which was Anglesey,〔''H. E.'', book II, chapter 5; D. P. Kirby, ''The Earliest English Kings'' (1991, 2000), page 71.〕 and another source refers to Cadwallon being besieged on the island of Priestholm (AC: Glannauc),〔''Annales Cambriae'', year 629; Kirby, page 71.〕 which is off the coast of Anglesey. Later, Cadwallon defeated and drove the Northumbrians from his territories and then allied with Penda (Cadwallon being the stronger member of the alliance). Penda's status in Mercia at this time is uncertain—Bede suggests he was not yet king, but became king soon after Hatfield;〔Bede, ''H. E.'', book II, chapter 20.〕 the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', however, says that he became king in 626.〔''ASC'' 626.〕
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